Police Officers Should Be Legal - 992 Words

Police officers are charged with enforcing the law and there is a level of permissible expectation that discretion will be used when making an arrest. The use of discretion by police officers aid prosecutors in successfully prosecuting a trial. Police officers are the first ones on the scene of a crime and they are the ones who initiate the case of probable cause. Court systems are bursting at the seams with cases and the police officer’s ability to use discretion will help to alleviate some of the backlog. Prosecutors rely heavily on evidence and testimony of police officers when deciding to prosecute a case. There are times when the prosecutor feels that a defendant may have violated the law, but a jury will not convict him of the charges based on the evidence. Therefore, there is a good chance that the suspect will not face charges or lesser charges may be negotiated. According to Siegel Worrall (2015), police officers have the power to release an offender on their own recognizance for offenses such as speeding tickets, minor traffic offenses, disorderly conduct, theft, trespassing, driving under suspension, and possession of marijuana. Furthermore, if police officers have the ability to let someone off with a warning opposed to giving them a ticket, this action will save the courts time. Also, taxpayers are spared the cost of housing someone in jail for an indefinite period of time. According to LaFrance, an officer is able to develop a plan that works withShow MoreRelatedThe Law Enforcement Code Of Ethics966 Words   |  4 Pages The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics has been established as a reminder to law enforcement officers, the trust that the public has placed in them, and the ethical way that they live their lives, both on, and off duty (Bohm, 2010). Many police departments use the basic code as a part of the swearing in ceremony, or at the graduation of a police academy class. While the basic code of ethics is extremely important, the code also contains 10 cannons within in it, and out of those 10, I have found threeRead MoreResearch Assignment : R. V. Grant1371 Words   |  6 Pageshigh-crime area whe re he attracted police officers’ attention. He was stopped and questioned by police officers. Then, Mr. Grant became more suspicious to the police when he started acting very nervous. Mr. Grant was requested name, address and was asked to put hands in front of him. Mr. Grant admitted he was carrying a firearm and weed and he was immediately arrested, searched and advised his legal rights. Legal issues: 1) Was Mr. Grant arbitrarily detained by the police? 2) Did the obtaining of evidenceRead MoreCode Of Conduct For Law Enforcement Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesOctober 22, 2016 Contents Introduction 2 Police Ethics 2 Corruption 3 Police Corruption 3 Police Discretion in Ethics 4 Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement 4 Types of Police Corruption 4 Ethics in the Courtroom 5 Prosecuting Attorneys 5 Defense Attorneys 5 Ethics in Police Training 6 Closing 6 Introduction Ethics by definition states that it’s the study of morality. Ethics are the basis of our criminal justice system. From the arresting officers who take an oath to serve and protect, to theRead MoreThe Issue Of Police Officers1105 Words   |  5 PagesPolice officers are trained professionals that help keeping the order in our society. To fight crime, is necessary to arrest people that breaks the law. However, to control citizens from breaking the law, is imperative that they arrest those who refuse to abide it. In doing so, is critical that they have knowledge of the science and technology that involves interpreting the law. Nonetheless, a balance between due process and the interpretation of the laws is complicated when we take in considerationRead MoreA Case of Juvenile Justice Essays1116 Words   |  5 Pagesjuvenile offenders or career criminals. The juvenile justice system has many players that facilitate the tools for a juvenile to use an offense as a learning experien ce. The juvenile encounters three important individuals; the juvenile police officer, probation officer and the judge. These three people dictate what happens to the youthful offender depending on his behavior during the juvenile justice process. â€Å"One good teacher in a lifetime may sometimes change a delinquent into a solid citizenRead MoreEthics in Criminal Justice1652 Words   |  7 Pagesleading to my judgment. As in many scenarios, there are conflicting moral rules that could justify different judgments. While police officers are supposed to enforce laws, they are also primarily expected to protect life and property (Nakate, 2011). Public safety is the primary concern of police officers. Therefore, unless a law involves mandatory reporting, then an officer is expected to exercise some discretion involving those laws. The theory behind requiring permits in order to hold a rally isRead MoreBody Cameras Should Not Be Protected From Legal Cases970 Words   |  4 PagesImagine you received mistreatment from a police officer and decide to take legal action against them. The situation becomes their word against yours because there is no evidence to prove the mistreatment you suffered. Not all police officers are out to t reat people incorrectly or use excessive force; however, in the cases when they do, there is usually no way to prove that it happened. There are also cases where people say they were mistreated by a police officer, but it is not true. What if there wereRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The Boston Tea Party Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesof the police today. After the Vietnam war, President Richard Nixon declared a â€Å"war on drugs† in 1971. The consequences of the â€Å"war on drugs† is not often discussed. The SWAT team should not be called for a drug bust. There was an incident where a SWAT team stormed in the house of Jonathon Whitworth, his wife and 7-year old son. The tip that they received said that Whitworth’s house had a large amount of marijuana. The residue that was left on the trash cans was marijuana. Police bargedRead MorePolice Relations In Kenya908 Words   |  4 Pages2017 elections the police organisation has been faced with the need of application of moral choice and or discretion following allegations of use of extreme force against protesters and recorded deaths and injuries experienced from such extreme measures. Section 49 of the National Police Service Act is very clear on the general powers of police officers including the circumstances under which police are allowed to use force. It also stipulates in Section 49 (13) that a police officer who abuses any powersRead MorePolice Brutality Is Not On The Rise1029 Words   |  5 PagesPolice abuse remains a significant problem and not enough reform has been made to prevent it from occurring. Around 1000 people were killed by the police in 2015, and over 100 of them were unarmed. The intentional use of excessive force by a person with authority, which oftentimes ends with injuries and someti mes even death, creates a bad perception of police officers and distrust between cops and civilians. To rebuild the relationship between people and police reform needs to take place. Law makers

Internet Usage Of Social Media - 1144 Words

OVERVIEW: Internet usage has become a heavily integrated and important characteristic of current and contemporary society. It would be rare to meet anyone who has not yet used any aspect of the Internet. In fact, according to the article, Social Media Update 2016 written by Shannon Greenwood, Andrew Perrin, and Maeve Duggun of the Pew Research center, â€Å"86% of Americans are currently internet users† (Greenwood et al.) This percentage includes teenagers, emerging adults, and adults. Below are observations of the different trends in internet usage of these different age groups. TEENS: The Pew Research center refers to the age group of teens as those being between the ages of 12 to 17. Amongst this age bracket, â€Å"87% of those (†¦) now use the†¦show more content†¦According to Amanda Lenhart from the piece, Teens and Sexting, â€Å"4% of cell-owning teens ages 12-17 say they have sent sexually suggestive nude or nearly nude images of themselves to someone else via text messaging [and] 15% of cell-owning teens ages 12-17 say they have received [them]† (Lenhart). In addition to sexting, cyberbullying has become a major issue online. The article, Cyberbullying 2010: What the Research Tells Us, â€Å"32% of teens have experienced (†¦) forms of online harassment† (Lenhart). Though there is no way to completely stop the existence of these problems the application of Education about internet usage, dangers, and consequences amongst teens will lessen the exposure of both inappropriate contact and content through online communicat ion. EMERGING ADULTS: I will be referring to the age bracket of 18-29 as the emerging adult group. Similarly to the teens, emerging adults of today’s society heavily use and rely on the internet and internet technologies as forms of communication and entertainment. Andrew Perrin and Maeve Duggen of the article, Americans’ Internet Access: 2000-2015, observes that â€Å"96% of 18 to 29-year-olds use the internet† (Perrin at al.) Among the 96% of internet users in the age group, â€Å"90% of them use social networking sites,† as reported by the article Social Media Usage: 2005-2015 (Perrin). A majority of social media networking traffic comes fromShow MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Its Impacts On Family Life1585 Words   |  7 Pagesinnovation, internet and media shown to have several effects on human life on the other side. It has its impact in great and terrible routes on the brains of individuals. It is a key element in choosing the eventual fate of people in the mean time having its own impact on the human conduct creatures on the other side. This article focuses on how changing innovation has its impacts on family life. Family connections have taken a noteworthy change in family unit web usage and the Media. InvestingRead MoreMobile Usage And Social Media1650 Words   |  7 Pagessociety, the relationship between globalization and social media and smartphones is involved with the daily life of people around the world. The use of mobile systems dramatically increased in the 20th century. (Mjos, 2012) This essay will explain the differences and similarities of mobile usages and use of social media between British society and that in my home, Thailand. There are various causes to employ electronic devices and social media, some of which were the same and some different. In orderRead MoreSocial Medi Its Effect On You1144 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Media Its effect on you What is social media? Definition by Google: websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. Facebook Twitter Tumblr Pinterest Analogy Think of regular media as a newspaper or the radio or the television. Then, social media is a two way street, allowing you to communicate and respond to the media. Examples Can also include†¦ Social Media categories Top Ten Social Media Sites Quick stats - Video How do weRead MoreRelationshipe between Online Connection and Decline in Civic Engagement1084 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States, roughly 81% of the population uses the Internet every day in some way.(15) This high penetration rate confirms how omnipresent new media is within the population. With the advent of this new media age, have come revolutions in the way that we live our lives. One of the most important changes brought by the new media age concerns the very basis of human engagement and sociality. Whereas past communities existed primarily in physical locations, individuals were dependent on transportationRead MoreEffects Of Using Instagram On High School Students Academic Studies1001 Words   |  5 Pagesand achieve academically. Introduction: Instagram is a fast growing popular social media device. It is a photo sharing medium and therefore it is increasing in popularity more than any other type of social media. Young people and specifically teenagers spend a lot of time browsing through other people’s photos. Instagram is the most valuable social media to teenagers. (Meeker, 2015) As is the case with all social media people spend many hours using them, this is a result of an addiction to theseRead MoreTechnology Use Among Adolescents And Young Adults1481 Words   |  6 PagesYoung Adults The Internet Age has become a time in which computer technology has not been envisioned as a luxury, but rather a necessity in many parts of daily living. And as the positive impacts of technology use in the workplace, and education setting, becomes a reality then so does the negative consequences. However, the ability to deal with the negative consequences may be more difficult to deal with for adolescents and young adults who heavily use technology for social media, text messaging,Read MoreReview Of Couples, The Internet, And Social Media Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesCouples and Media Research The report â€Å"Couples, The Internet, and Social Media,† is an analysis from Amanda Lenhart and Maeve Duggan of the information collected from a study done by the Pew Research Center. The research was conducted to understand correlations between couples, a somewhat broadly defined category, and their interactions with the Internet and social media. Paramount findings of the study include that young adults’ relationships are more likely to be impacted by their media use and thatRead MoreThe Influence Of Internet Addiction1053 Words   |  5 Pages The Influence of Internet Addiction Have you been though things such as you open up your laptop to do your work or study but ended up playing video games and surfing on internet? It is believed that a great amount of people feel like this. Nowadays, we live in a world with highly developed internet and electronic devices. Highly advanced internet make our life better, which is non-debatable, but there are also some drawbacks brought up by improper internet usage and one of the most influentialRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Find A Muse 1071 Words   |  5 PagesBe-Mused Marketing Strategy   Be-Mused, a play on words implying both to â€Å"find a muse† as well as be â€Å"mystified† is an omni channel social networking system dedicated to connecting users on the basis of hobbies and interests. Be-Mused uses geo social data to connect users, in real time, for events, gatherings, or one-on-one meetings, all orchestrated by independent users. Additionally, users have the ability to passively seek out activities. From starting an impromptu drum circle on Venice Beach,Read MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Teenagers And Young Adults1652 Words   |  7 PagesIn the other hand, social media can also have a negative effect on teenagers’ and young adults in their academic lives. One of the main consequences is addiction because students can easily get distracted by simply using their phones or laptop. This issue can harm the student’s concentration and the ability to learn new topics. Social media can easily grab the attention and concentration o f students which it can turn into inappropriate actions such as chatting and killing time during class time.

Does Prison Deter Crime free essay sample

The debate over whether or not if prison deters crime in our society is something that many of us have often thought about for quite awhile. When you think about the punishment aspect of it, it removes the criminals off the street but does it really deter crime? Without getting to the root cause of why they become criminals and resolving that issue, we often find that the criminal becomes a repeat offender. By getting to the root cause of why our criminals become criminals in the first place, we can take this information and be proactive to those who show signs of becoming criminals of the near future and possibly eliminate future transgressions in our society. There are several ways that prison’s deter crime. One being a general deterrent and the other as being more of a specific deterrent however the system is not perfect and could stand some revisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Prison Deter Crime or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the article â€Å"Prison Deters Crime†, America’s Prisons 2010, â€Å"Incarceration is a very effective method of deterring future victimization from those within our nation’s jails and prisons. † Curtis Blakeley writes that Incarceration is a very effective way of preventing future crimes from being committed against our society. What it boils down to is what one’s concept of deterrence is and recognizes its purpose. General deterrence is where crime is prevented in general to society as a whole. Knowledge of a specific law or perhaps knowing of others who have committed similar crimes and the consequences of their actions can be enough to prevent a transgression. Now in the matter of specific deterrence where the perpetrator is directly punished for the infraction against the victim is sentenced and removed from society so that they may not commit any future transgressions. This is not designed as a means of rehabilitation but simply as a punishment. It may have secondary benefits as a general deterrent in society since they can no longer transgress against anyone else. According to an article , Prisons (2014) â€Å" The U. S. prison population has grown dramatically in recent years. The number of people in state and federal prisons increased from under 200,000 in 1970 to nearly than 1. 6 million in 2008. Counting those in local jails, about 737 out of every 100,000 Americans are behind bars—the highest percentage in the world. Much of this growth is due to sentencing guidelines developed during the 1980s, which required judges to give out longer sentences. † The increase in population in the United States alone has contributed to severe overcrowding in the nations prisons. It stands to reason that an increase in the overall population of our country would also have an impact on whether new crimes would be committed. Also we have to consider those crimes that are committed by repeat offenders. The Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that at the end of 2008, federal prisons were operating at 35 percent above capacity. At the same time, state prisons were operating at 97 percent of their highest capacity. Some facilities have moved prisoners into supermax units because their regular cells are full. In 2000 the federal government reported that the prison boom had finally begun to slow down. During that year, the number of people in state prisons increased less than 1 percent, and some states had fewer prisoners than in 1999. This slowdown resulted from a combination of factors, including declining crime rates since 1991, expanded use of parole in some states, and an increase in the number of drug treatment programs. However, the federal prison system continued to expand, with the number of prisoners increasing by about 9 percent. Think that California prisons are teeming with petty offenders? Think again. The Runner paper cites a federal survey that found that 47 percent of California inmates are repeat violent offenders, and 33 percent are repeat nonviolent offenders. Most of the rest are first time felons who committed crimes against people think murder, manslaughter, robbery, assault, kidnapping, rape or other sex offenses. Californias crime rate fell dramatically after three strikes passed. In 1993, the year before voters approved the measure, the FBI ranked California fourth among the states for total crimes per 100,000 people; in 1999, the murder rate had been cut in half, and Californias crime rate had fallen to 29th place. As far as Runner is concerned, long penalties have made California safer. The three strikes law, he said, keeps people in prison longer. It also makes peoples behavior change. His aide Charlie Fennessey points to burglary convictions as proof that criminals have changed their behavior to keep up with the changed laws. After 1994, he found, some crimes like second degree burglary and car theft, which are not three strikes offenses increased to earlier levels, but first degree burglary, a three strikes crime, remained flat. By understanding what the original purpose and intent of what our criminal justice system was designed to do by its founders and how they defined deterrence along with the severity of punishment and whether or not the inmate is a repeat offender along with changing laws that can encourage a change in behaviour we can see that Prisons do deter crime.

The Best Ways to Prevent Overdue Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable free essay sample

The best way to prevent overdue accounts receivable is to ensure that all current debtors are current with their individual payments. This can be done in several ways. One option is to have the customer setup an auto payment plan, allowing the company to receive the monies owed automatically over a predetermined length of time. This method usually entails offering the customer a line of credit and is slowly gaining popularity. Another way is to have the customer pay for the entire amount at once, which is the most common way such things are done. In this method the customer pays the full amount at the time the goods or service is received, thus their balance, and the account receivable balance for this transaction, are at zero immediately following the transaction. The third method is for the customer to prepay for the goods or service. This method has the customer pay BEFORE they receive what is being purchased, and keeps the respective accounts at a zero balance for the transaction. We will write a custom essay sample on The Best Ways to Prevent Overdue Accounts Receivable and Accounts Payable or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A variant of this method is where the customer prepays for part of the transaction, leaving a deposit, paid prior to receiving the service or goods, then either paying the rest in full upon delivery or making scheduled payments of a predetermined amount over the course of a predetermined time line. Using one, or all of these methods in combination can ensure that a companys account receivable is never overdue, and that its outstanding monies owed are paid in a timely fashion. The best way to prevent overdue accounts payable is for a company to enter into agreements with the other companies it does business with, that allow it to either prepay all of its accounts on a regular basis for fixed usage goods and services. For example, prepaying for the twenty-three cases of fax/copier toner used each month. Another way if to setup a line of credit with another company for its services and setting up an auto pay schedule to pay predetermined amounts over a predetermined time frame. Thus this will allow the company to purchase goods and services as needed without the risk of not being able to pay for needed supplies or services. Also the company may engage in a policy of pay as needed goods and services, paying only for goods and services as it uses them or upon delivery. By using all of these methods, a company can ensure that it can preform its daily tasks and duties, without incurring a large amount of debt to other companies. Ideally, the best way for a company to avoid these situations is to ensure that its accounts receivable is taking in more than their accounts payable is required to pay out, basically that the company turns a profit. If the company owes more than it takes in it is failing as a business. If it takes in monies exactly equal to its operating costs, then it is not succeeding, but neither is it failing. When a company turns a profit, it is then that it is considered profitable, and can use the profits to expand its operations and scope, as well as make improvements to its facilities and even hire more staff. Doing this and even opening new locations and expanding their product line and services offered will, granted, incur them more debt, but it will also allow then increased revenue, which will hopefully cause a greater intake of profit, allowing greater expansion. If the company keeps up this profit cycle, then it will eventually turn a large profit, and thus will keep its account receivable and its account payable to profitable balances. Granted this is an over simplification of the process, and in order to maintain its maximum profits, the company will need to ensure it is getting the lowest prices from its suppliers and getting the maximum profit from its customers, but this is the most basic general principle of operating a business. This is possible though business to business negotiations, is easily achievable for any company willing to invest the time to do so. So in closing, through negotiation, smart business practice and expansion a company can prevent overdue accounts.

Student Servival Guide

Student Servival Guide Free Online Research Papers INTRODUCTION With the help of Axia College, I have gained an exceptional amount of knowledge and several new tools that will help me throughout my academic career. This is my survival guide, designed to help me achieve success while attending Axia College and covers six main areas of information covered in this class. This student survival guide will help me get the most out of my distance learning education. USING AXIA’S EDUCATION RESOURCES Axia College provides wonderful resources to help students keep up with the continuous advancements in distance learning. The University Library is one of the most important resources that are available to the students. This library has numerous search engines, databases, and multiple help features that make researching easy. In The Center for Writing Excellence, there are two vital tools, Plagiarism Checker and Writepoint, which are very valuable and help students in every aspect of their college career. In addition to these exceptional tools are the online books that accompany each class. These items can be easily downloaded to any home computer, laptop, or even a Blackberry. This allows students to access their course documents virtually anywhere, giving them the ability to study whenever and wherever they feel the most productive. Even though Axia College is an online learning environment, and all items are readily available, sometimes students like to have a printed copy of certain information like the course calendars and the course syllabus. UPHOLDING ACADEMIC HONESTY Upholding academic honesty is not difficult at all to understand and do here at Axia College. Simply put, do not submit work written by anyone else as your own, including web-based information. If you need to use someone else’s words within the text of any of your assignments you must properly cite the work that you are directly quoting or even paraphrasing. The Center for Writing Excellence offers the ability to check writing assignments for plagiarism, helping you to avoid turning in assignments that may contain unintentional plagiarism. If you do not properly cite the information, you run the risk of having part or all of that assignment thrown out and receiving a zero. Consequences for plagiarism are severe and can lead to expulsion from Axia College. Therefore, it is extremely important that you cite all your references and any text or thoughts that are not your own. SETTING AND ACHIEVING GOALS Setting and achieving goals will be important throughout any students’ online learning experience. You should try to make sure your goals are attainable and realistic. It is easy to set them according to hopes, but if they are not met, they can cause feelings of depression or loss of your self-esteem or both. It is important to set short-term goals that contribute to the success of your long-term goals. Long-term goals are goals that will take some time and perseverance to accomplish. This may include anything from graduating, to obtaining the position you want at work, or buying a home and starting a family. If you are able to, write down each long-term goal, and then break them into smaller short-term goals so that you can easily track your progress and to help keep you focused on the goal. This will also help you to maintain your path to your ultimate long-term goal, even if a problem should arise. It is also helpful to have some one around who supports and encourages you to keep going, and even occasionally reminds you of your goal to help keep you focused. I personally try to keep in mind the reason I set my goals in the first place. Whatever the reason, you can use as a motivator to help you achieve your goals. One of my long-term educational goals is get my associates in Psychology and Axia College helps break that down into classes and weeks which can be viewed as short-term goals. MANAGING TIME WISELY It is important to learn the skill of time management so that there can be an equal balance of school, work, and personal life. Managing time wisely is important to all students, but especially to a student in an online learning environment. There is no one to remind you of an assignment or to make sure you complete your schoolwork. In addition to attending online classes, some students are also full-time parents and full-time workers. This means that it is imperative for us to plan time in our day to ensure our schoolwork will be completed on time. As an online student, I find that managing my time can be difficult at times. I try to map out my days or weeks in order to cover all of the posts, reading materials, participation and attendance posting requirements. However, this is something that I struggled with in my first two classes, missing a few posts for discussion questions and turning in a few assignments late. Now I know that I will have a better understanding of how to manag e my time more wisely than before. One of the biggest lessons I had to learn is to enjoy a reward after completing a task instead of rewarding myself before a task is completed. FOSTERING READING COMPREHENSION AND RETENTION When it comes to reading, you can look for key words, take notes, or scan depending on how you interpret the information. The point of reading is to understand what you have read when you are finished. One way of doing this is the SQ3R method, which stands for survey, question, read, recite, review. This can help save time for some people by not having to reread information they do not understand, and help them to have better understanding of the information they have just read. Personally, I do not use the exact technique while reading but a variation on it. I do not survey the text because I find that I would rather read some parts of the text and not others, so I read, sometimes recite and then ask myself questions about what I just read to have an understanding of it. I also only really become emotionally involved with the reading if it pertains to something in my life that I can relate to personally. APPLYING PERSONALITY AND LEARNING STYLES Knowing your personality type and learning style is necessary in any learning environment. Because my main intelligence is Visual Spatial, I can more easily remember information if I relate it to a picture instead of words and color helps me remember information as well. I try to keep this in mind when I approach new information, projects, and homework. In my personality assessments, I fit in to the Giver category, which means I am a people-focused individual and I deal with things according to how I feel about them. When relating to others who have different personality or learning styles being able to stay open minded in very important. You never know when you can learn something new or have someone teach you a different perspective on how to learn something. Taking part in Discussion Questions and communicating helps each student determine which learning style is best for them. Knowing my personality and learning styles will allow me to take everything I need to learn and mold it into ways that will be most effective for me. This was and will be helpful in my exchanges with fellow students and in the workplace. CONCLUSION Looking back on all the information that I have learned over this first block of classes I can see a difference in my study habits, time management and goal setting. In addition, in taking the first two classes here at Axia College, I have a better understanding of the importance of taking input from other classmates and instructors. In developing this guide, I have outlined things that will help me throughout my academic career, from being able to manage my time effectively, taking time to developing goals, upholding academic honesty, and fostering reading comprehension and retention these new and improved skills will help me in getting through school and life successfully. Research Papers on Student Servival GuideStandardized TestingAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Hockey GameThe Project Managment Office SystemEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfGenetic EngineeringPETSTEL analysis of India

The 10 Best Culinary Schools in the US

The 10 Best Culinary Schools in the US SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you want a career as a chef, just trying out new recipes at home isn’t going to cut it. You’ll need to hone your skills through education, experience, or both. One of the ways to become a chef is by attending culinary school. In this article, we’ll outline what culinary schools are, who should attend them, and provide a list of the ten best culinary schools for prospective chefs. What Are Culinary Schools? Culinary schools provide professional, accredited courses related to cooking, creating recipes, decorating food, and more. When you attend culinary school, you’ll learn all aspects of food preparation and service. Culinary schools have different degrees and certificates based on what you studied. What Degree Do You Get at a Culinary School? You may associate culinarycolleges with becoming a chef, but these schools actually offer a range of degrees. But what types of degrees can you get at a culinary school depends on the school you attend and the program you enroll in. Some of the most popular culinary school programs include: Culinary arts Culinary management International cuisines Baking and pastry arts Hospitality management Restaurant management Students with a culinary school degree have many job opportunities. You can become a chef, a baker, a food and beverage director, a resort manager, or something else entirely. That being said, is a culinary school degree necessary to work in the food and beverage or hospitality industries? Do You Need to Go to Culinary School to Be a Chef? In short, no. It’s not mandatory to go to culinary school to become a chef. In the culinary world, experience goes a long way. Many chefs get their start by accumulating industry experience as line cooks or other kitchen helpers. That being said, going to culinary school has its benefits. After graduating, you’ll have a degree that demonstrates your preparation and education. Having a culinary school degree can help open doors for you as you try to get a job as a chef. 10 Top Culinary Schools If you’re looking to get a degree from a culinary school, these ten schools are the best of the best. #1: Culinary Institute of America at Hyde Park The Culinary Institute of America was founded in 1946 and is one of the best culinary schools in the world. With campuses in New York, California, and Texas, it has many options for students across the country. The school offers a number of degree programs, including bachelor’s and associate degrees. There are also professional development programs, as well as certificates for food and wine enthusiasts. #2: Institute of Culinary Education With campuses in Los Angeles and New York, the Institute of Culinary Education is a good option for a culinary degree. The Institute of Culinary Education offers diplomas in hospitality management, pastry and baking arts, culinary arts, and more. ICE has multiple degree programs of different lengths, so you can craft an education that meets your goals. With more than 14,000 graduates, ICE is one of the most renowned culinary degree programs in the United States. #3: L’Academie de Cuisine Despite the French name, L’Academie de Cuisine is located near Washington DC. Founded by fabled chef Francois Dionot, L’Academie is known for its rigorous approach to food education. There are just two degree programs here: pastry arts or culinary arts. Each program has three phases, the final one being a paid apprenticeship at a fine-dining establishment. #4: Johnson and Wales University Johnson and Wales University has locations in Florida, Denver, Charlotte and Providence and offers ten different culinary programs to choose from. Program options include culinary arts, culinary nutrition, culinary science, baking and pastry arts, restaurant, food and beverage management, and more. The breadth of degree programs at Johnson and Wales provides a good option if you want to study the culinary arts, but aren’t exactly sure what you want to specialize in yet. #5: Metropolitan Community College: Omaha, Nebraska Metropolitan Community College in Omaha, Nebraska has one of the best culinary programs in the country. The programs here are focused on helping you become a restaurant manager or a chef through a combination of education and experience. Low tuition prices and the chance to build a strong culinary portfolio make this school a great option. #6: Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts The Auguste Escoffier school teaches techniques developed by the â€Å"King of Chefs,† Auguste Escoffier. This program offers small class sizes, as well as unique opportunities like the three to ten week â€Å"Farm to Table† experience that brings students out of the kitchen and onto the farm. Students learn state-of-the-art techniques and receive valuable paid internship opportunities. #7: Sullivan University National Center for Hospitality Studies Given an â€Å"exemplary† rating by the American Culinary Federation, the Sullivan University National Center for Hospitality Studies offer associate’s degree programs that students can finish in eighteen months. Graduates of the program have gone on to work as chefs, nutritionists, food scientists, and more in a number of different places. #8: New England Culinary Institute The private, for-profit New England Culinary Institute has many options for wannabe chefs, including associate's and Bachelor's degrees. Both degree programs require internships, so students will have plenty of hands-on experience. NECI also offers a number of options for career placement, like career counseling, professional development workshops, and and networking opportunities. Celebrity chef Alton Brown is an NECI alum, so if you're a "Good Eats" fan, you might want to apply here. #9: San Diego Culinary Institute The San Diego Culinary Institute focuses on practical application, with over 80% of the program occurring in the kitchen. Programs are typically completed in eight to eleven months and have both full and part-time options. As part of your work at the San Diego Culinary Institute, you’ll complete a paid internship that helps you get on the ground experience. #10: Culinary Institute of Savannah The Culinary Institute of Savannah caters to students at all stages of their careers, from total beginners to experienced. Students learn both international and American cooking techniques and can earn degrees in Culinary Arts or Culinary Baking and Pastry Arts. All degree programs require extensive time in the kitchen. Culinary Schools: Final Thoughts It’s not necessary to go to culinary school to become a chef, but if you want a culinary degree, there are tons of options for good schools out there. Consider what you want to study and how much hands-on experience you’d like when deciding which culinary school to apply to. What's Next? Not sure if a graduate degree is the right move for you? Then take a look at our in-depth guide on what grad school is and how to determine whether you should go as well as our specific guide to master's degrees. Not that into cooking and more interested in the arts? Then perhaps you'll want to take a look at our picks for the best performing arts schools and the best creative writing programs.

Marriage between Hijra and men in modern India Research Paper

Marriage between Hijra and men in modern India - Research Paper Example Hijras are used to cite people who regard themselves as transgender or transsexual. It is a typical error within the South Asians and absence of courtesy for wanting to understand the transgender community that they presume hijras to be men who adopt feminine gender roles, have feminine identity and dress up like women. A long recorded history of hijras is present in the Indian subcontinent, from ancient times onwards. This history highlights a number of conventional roles within the sub continental cultures that are part survival and part spiritual. The word ‘hijra’ is Urdu-Hindustani and is derives from Semitic Arabic root and has been borrowed into Hindi. Since, there is mix up among the real hijras and the ‘invented’ one, some hijra activists and western non-government organizations (NGOs) are working together to locate and separate the born hijras from the artificial ones and educate them. Fanatics of the mother Goddess Bahuchara Mata, their precious power are fortuitous upon their asexuality. However, in reality most of the hijras are actually prostitutes, who are frowned upon in the society, therefore to be out of the circle of criticism and humiliation many of the prostitutes prefer to have a husband (Nanda. 1986). Transgender may be rejected in the society and are frequently insulted and robbed off their right, but no one can deny the fact that as a human being they are eligible to have basic rights no matter what they look like or how the society perceive them to be. Therefore, to have some warm and affectionate relationship in their life they look forward to the institution of marriage. Following is an example of a hijra living in Mumbai and working as a sex worker was married for nine years. Lalita, a very feminine looking hijra was married to a well stabled man and enjoyed the marital bliss for nine years until his husband got married to a real woman and left him, but still

Sexual Assualt in the US Prisons Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Sexual Assualt in the US Prisons - Dissertation Example This assault is perpetrated on males, females and even illegal immigrants housed in prison facilities all over the country. In order for us to understand how this abuse occurs, we need to take a close look at the US prison systems, penal laws, and statutes, evaluate the problem, and analyze the efficiency of measures taken by the government to curb sexual assaults inside US prisons. Many ordinary individuals have heard detailed stories in the media especially the newspapers about prisoners being beaten by guards with batons, fired at unnecessarily with guns or raped and abused by prison officers. (World Report 2000) Authorities have found out that the penal facilities in almost every state in America are replete with such abuse. A federal court, for instance, came to a conclusion that the rate and number of "wholly unnecessary physical aggression" committed by guards in Texas prison facilities mirrored a "culture of sadistic and malicious violence" exhibited in those facilities. Violence and other forms of harassment perpetrated by prisoners against each other are even more of an everyday occurrence. Authorities and independent groups estimated that more than 70 percent of prison inmates are assaulted and abused by their fellow inmates every year. Almost yearly, the incidences of violence and abuse in American prisons continue to escalate. Near the turn of the c entury for instance in 1998, 79 prisoners were killed and thousands more suffered severe injuries (The Corrections Yearbook 1998). The previous year of 1997, 10 percent of inmates across the states and 3 percent of inmates housed in federal facilities were reported severely injured in scuffles and brawls since they have entered prisons. The New York state prisons systems have recognized the prevalence of this problem and stated that the "extraordinary amount of crime committed in state prisons annually merely shifts the locus of criminal activity away from neighborhoods to correctional facilities† For the experts and authorities, street gangs have merely moved territories from the streets into the penal facilities.

Area of knowledge Essay Example for Free

Area of knowledge Essay It can certainly be argued that though language and emotion play vital roles within any area of knowledge, it is within history that it manifests itself the clearest. History as an area of knowledge presents an opportunity to explore the implications of both language and emotion, and their effect on interpreting history. The understanding of such information is integral to resolving one of the key knowledge issues regarding history: the question of whether it is possible to attain or communicate knowledge through history that is free from filters and biases. The answer to this question is crucial to the further comprehension of what is history as a whole. But before examining language and emotion in the context of history, it is important to define what exactly these words are describing, and understand the values and limitations of both of these ways of knowing separately. Language is defined as a rule-governed, intended form of communication and is one of the main ways of attaining information of the external. It is useful for conveying concepts that are intangible, such as that of history. However, it is merely a tool, a vehicle by which information can travel, and is subject to ambiguity, vagueness, and bias. Emotion as a way of knowing is often defined as a mechanism which gives intuition and helps decision making, but is also commonly cited as an obstruction to knowledge. These two ways of knowing have a great impact upon the acquisition of knowledge in history. One could argue that without language, there would be no history or historical knowledge. Such a bold statement can be made for a variety of reasons, one being primarily that unlike emotion and sense perception, two others way of knowing, language is the most able tool in the transfer of knowledge across time. And unlike reason, language can qualitatively describe as well as outline the experiences of individuals in a way that reason cannot fully emulate. One does not need to be (or rather, cannot be) at the decisive Battle of Iwo Jima to know there was an Allied victory, knowledge that sense perception and emotion could not derive. The utility of language is that it enables us acquire knowledge of the external efficiently. This is not to say that language is the perfect mechanism for knowledge transfer in history. As stated above, language is a tool that, once interpreted, will lead to biases as both the sender and receivers paradigm will contribute to a certain predisposition regarding any topic spoken. It allows us to label and generalize, to set up a conceptual framework based on relativity. Arbitrary time frames can be set up within history, such as Before Common Era, which when considered seem quite useful in that it allows for quick citation, but is also perplexing. How exactly did people define the Common Era? To refer to a date in relation to the death of one man allows us to further question why this particular man was chosen. Again this ties into the bias with language, as anyone referencing BCE is undoubtedly predisposed towards Western thinking. Even I retain these biases as well, always confused momentarily whenever I am exposed to the time frame established in Thai culture, such as 2553 (which is coincidentally also referenced to the death of another man). It appears that although language can and does lead to historical knowledge in methods that other ways of knowing cannot, language can never lead to truly objective information precisely for the same reason that it is useful: it is all relative to the paradigm which one is under. The impact of labeling and generalizations also touches upon the realm of emotion and its effects upon history. The age-old adage proclaims that history is written by the victors1 and the victors will more often than not think positively about themselves but not of their opponents. For example, during my Thai history class, my teacher will go at great lengths to explain the courageous nature of the Thai people and the savagery of the Burmese for invading our land, and yet do a complete about face and call the occupation of Malaysia and Cambodia as a noble conquest. This invocation of pride and patriotism is a variety of emotion known as nationalism. And it is this nationalism, or a similar emotional feeling of loyalty, that has fueled much of current history. If language is the tool with which we talk about history, emotion is what caused us to talk about it in the first place. The statement that is being suggested is that the course of human civilization for the past ten thousand years can be charted with the emotions, on the basis that humans are not perfectly rational. Emotional attachments to kingdoms, countries, or governments caused many to go to war; scientific advances were fueled by the undying joy associated with innovation; Adam Smith proposed capitalism to compensate for the inherent greed within us all. Indeed, a more specific event would be the destruction of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001AD. The attack upon the US caused uproar, an escalation of foreign policy security, and a worsening of relations with the Middle East. The many religious motives for such an event leave no doubt that it was based off of emotion, but it remains unclear what the main cause was for. Again, it appears that to mark history as objective facts becomes increasingly hard as the subjective emotions that one has muddle the cause for events. One cannot state that a certain event in history occurred because of another singular event; rather, one must say that it was the amalgamation of these that caused any event. In essence, it appears that emotion and language both play a key role in history, one for it and one about it. However, it seems that these two ways of knowing interact with history in such a way as to make the objective deduction of historical knowledge difficult. Though one can argue that the imposition of conceptual frameworks and the emotionally fuelled decisions are not mutually exclusive with an objective history, it remains that within any human society there will exist a paradigm, a filter, a bias. And in these items will lay prejudice. A quote by Friedrich Nietzche summarizes this: To the extent that man has for long ages believed in the concepts and names of things as in aeternae veritates he has appropriated to himself that pride by which he raised himself above the animal: he really thought that in language he possessed knowledge of the world. We may pride ourselves on being more civilized than animals and for having language, but it is foolish to assume that with only these tools that we have gained any knowledge of the world apart from our own.

Franz Kafkas Use of Humor Essay -- Biography Biographies Essays

Franz Kafka's Use of Humor Franz Kafka, born on July 3, 1883 in Bohemia, in the city of Prague, has been recognized as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century. His works have been called "cloudy, mysterious, inexplicable" (Oates ix). Most people hear the term Kafkan or Kafkaesque and think of dark, fantastic tales with almost no basis in our known reality. But what of Kafka's sense of humor? I personally laughed out loud several times while reading Kafka's Amerika. Were these snippets of humor part of Kafka's plan or mere accidents? According to Roy Pascal, author of Kafka's Narrators: A Study of His Stories and Sketches, "There is a good deal of humour in these early stories, as in the novels and later stories, but it is often ambiguous and can be overlooked" (Pascal 40). The humor that Pascal refers to is not the usual vaudeville, slap- stick so common in today's society. "Kafka never laughed so much as he did with [Felix] Weltsch, and it was Weltsch who first stressed the role of humor in Kafka's work - gallows humor spiked with desperation, but liberating for them both (Pawel 131). Kafka was a man who was more subtle than most and preferred his humor in a more deliberate vein. Irony was a flavor that seemed to work better for Kafka. By taking a look at some of Kafka's works we can see this irony more clearly. In Kafka's short story entitled, "The Judgement," written in 1912, we see one of the unusual uses of irony by Kafka. The central figure, Georg Bendemann, has just gotten into a long and somewhat heated argument with his aging and infirm father. Suddenly Georg's father "threw the blankets off with a strength that sent them all flying in a moment and sprang erect in bed. Only one hand touched the ... ...afka used humor, as shown here, he used it to further emphasize the horror of what was going on in his worlds. Works Cited Gray, Ronald. Franz Kafka. London: Cambridge University Press, 1975. 74-75. Janouch, Gustav. Conversations with Kafka. Trans. Goronwy Rees. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1971. 33. Kafka, Franz. The Complete Stories & Parables. Trans. Willa and Edwin Muir. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, n.d. - - -, Amerika, Trans. Willa and Edwin Muir. New York, Schoken Books, 1974. Oates, Joyce Carol. Foreword to: The Complete Stories & Parables. Trans. Willa and Edwin Muir. New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, n.d. Pascal, Roy. Kafka's Narrators: A Study of His Stories and Sketches. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982. 189-230. Pawel, Ernst. The Nightmare of Reason. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1984.

European Handball

European Handball – goal shooting European handball is a unique, high intensity sport which is best described as a combination of netball, soccer and basketball. Two teams with seven players per side verse each other. In order to earn points, the handball must be thrown into the goals; this demonstrates the skill of goal shooting which will be the main focus of this report. Characteristics of basketball are seen in the rule that the player must bounce the ball while running.Defending is a common action in any sport and is seen in European Handball; the team without possession of the ball may attempt to stop the other team from scoring by blocking the path of the player with possession. During the game, the ball is passed around in the style of netball. The sport involves a combination of multiple sports such as soccer (goals), netball (passing) and basketball (court size, bouncing, dribbling) which makes it different to any other sport thus people are intrigued to play and tho roughly enjoy it. Explanation of the skillGoal shooting is just like a pass but with more power. The ball must be thrown into the goals. A common technique performed when shooting a goal is the jump shot. The jump shot is where the player is in the air when the shot is made; by doing this the shot is more powerful and more effective. Explanation of the drills 1) The first drill that we will be teaching students in our training session aims to practice the jump shot as it is the most effective way of shooting a goal. For the most effective goal shot, right handed players should push off from and land on their left foot and vice versa.When they are suspended in the air, their body should be stretched with their throwing shoulder back and then the ball should be thrown from the highest point of the jump for maximum effectiveness of the shot at goals. 2) The second drill we will be teaching in our training session aims to practice passing and shooting under pressure through the use of a goalie. Students will get in groups of three and two of them will pass the ball between each other and take shots at goal with a goalie trying to stop them from scoring. To pass the ball students are to use their preferred arm, xtend it behind their head and with force throw overarm to the other player. The goal keeper’s aim is to defend the goals and position them self correctly so any incoming shots can be stopped. They will all stand equal distance apart in a triangular formation. Each student will rotate position until everyone has had a turn at passing and being goalie. This will improve everyone’s passing and defending skills. Actions and strategies that contribute to enjoyable participation There are many strategies that can be used and actions that can be taken to make participation more enjoyable.Offering rewards have proven to be an effective strategy used in many sports all around the world. Rewards come in many shapes and forms to appeal to a wide range of participants such as money, various prizes and awards including certificates, medals and trophies. As well as physical rewards to acknowledge achievement, there are many actions that can be performed to encourage enjoyable participation. Praising good behaviour and recognising an athlete’s achievements is incredibly effective in increasing the enjoyment during participation in a sport.Offering your congratulations by shaking their hand, giving them a pat on the back or simply telling them they’ve done a good job can motivate the player and help them to enjoy the sport more. These actions and strategies not only make players enjoy participating but also show aspects of a good coach. Organisations of activities The training session will be made up of various activities and demonstrations and will go for approximately 10 minutes. Warm Up – We will begin with a warm up which will consist of a short run and stretches.We will demonstrate appropriate stretches which t he students will then complete. First stretching the calf and leg muscles with lunges and swinging legs; then stretching the arm muscles with a shoulder shrug, arm across body, swinging arms, and breathing exercises. This will help get their body and mind ready for the activities. The warm up should run for approximately two minutes. Demonstration and Explanation – We will then give a thorough explanation of the skill, explaining how the skill is preformed and techniques students should use to increase their chances of success.A demonstration of the skill and both drills will then be performed so that students can visibly see what it should look like and get an understanding of how to do it. This explanation and demonstration should go for approximately two to three minutes. Drill One – The students will then perform the drills. Students will form a line and one by one attempt the jump goal shot. We will check that they’re doing it correctly and offer advice to players on how they can improve. This drill requires the goals, cones, ball and the rope and should run for approximately two to three minutes Drill Two –We will then start the second drill. Students are to form groups of threes and go to their own set of goals. The group will have to decide on a defender and two shooters. Students will perform the drill once and we will check that all students are doing it correctly. The players will then rotate positions until everyone has had a go. We will continue giving advice and helping students who are struggling or confused, and will motivate and praise all students. This drill requires goals, cones and balls and should go for two to three minutes Warm Down/ Cool down –The warm down will consist of a slow stretches and various breathing exercises to relax the body and muscles. This will reduce the risk of injuries and sore muscles. Safety measures The safety of all students is the most important. All students are required to f ollow certain rules and instructions so that their safety is not a risk. Warms Ups and Warms Downs – At the beginning and end of our training session we will get all students to complete a range of stretches. Warm ups are essential as they help assist your circulatory system in pumping blood to your working muscles.The purpose is to steadily increase circulation throughout the body. A correct warm up safely prepares the body for movement and exercise. Cold muscles which have not been properly warmed up are more susceptible to injury. Warm downs relax your muscles and allow your heart rate to slowly return back to normal. Pay attention to demonstrations/ listen to instructions – All students need to pay close attention to the demonstrations and listen when we’re explaining the skills so that they know exactly what to do.If students are not paying attention and then try to perform the skill they could ruin equipment, hurt them self and hurt other students around t hem. Correct/Appropriate Equipment – European handball requires a specific ball. The ball is not allowed to have a shiny or slippery surface as the player needs to be able to grip the ball to throw a powerful pass. If an incorrect ball is used the players will find it hard to grip onto the ball and throw a powerful pass, and the ball would also be dropped a lot which could result in another player tripping over it and injuring themself.No contacting or unnecessary rough play – European handball is a fast paced sport but it is contact free. Players are not allowed to contact one another deliberately. Any student who is acting in an unnecessary behaviour will put themselves and peers at risk of being hurt. Appropriate use of equipment – All students are to act sensible with the equipment that they use whilst participating in the drills. The equipment can cause injury if used incorrectly, and students who do not use it appropriately could also risk damaging it. Sup ervision of instructors/ teacher –Teachers and instructors (people running the activity) are responsible for the safety of all students participating in the activities. They are expected to supervise all performances so that any errors can be corrects and mistakes can be pointed out. It is a coach’s responsibility to teach their students the correct way to perform a skill in order to remain safe. The safety of the athlete is always the main priority. All of the above points should be followed throughout the whole presentation so that all students are safe and the chance of injury is decreased.

Indians and Europeans shape the different colonies

It has been more than five centuries since Christopher Columbus reached the Americas. We know a great deal about Columbus, of course, and about the Europeans and Africans who crossed the Atlantic after him. We know much less about the â€Å"Indians. † as Columbus mistakenly called them?the people already living in America. But we are learning more all the time, so I want to talk about early contacts between Native Americans and newcomers.We now estimate that as many as seven million people were living in North America 500 years ago, and that their ancestors had been on this continent for at least thirteen thousand years. For all this time?hundreds of generations?they had remained isolated from Asia and Africa and Europe, building their own separate world. Over many centuries, these first North Americans developed diverse cultures that were as varied as the landscapes they lived in. And they developed hundreds of different languages.Looking back, what can we say about early enc ounters between these diverse Native Americans and the strange newcomers who arrived from across the ocean? Let me give you a few things to think about. Remember, first of all, that these Minimal contacts stretched over the entire continent and occurred over several centuries. The encounters were nearly as varied as the people involved. But key issues such as language, belief, technology, and disease arose regularly in different times and places. We may never know exactly about the first contacts from overseas.Long before Columbus, occasional boats may have arrived across the North Pacific from Asia, or across the Atlantic from Africa or Europe. They may have sailed intentionally or drifted by mistake. But such encounters were brief. So was the encounter with Norse Vikings. They visited Newfoundland in Canada about 1,000 years ago?nearly 500 years before Columbus. Their little colony of 160 people was short-lived. We know from sagas (family stories passed down orally across generati ons) that local Inhabitants attacked the Norse settlers, forcing them to retreat to Greenland after several years.In contrast, the newcomers who followed Columbus after 1492 proved far more numerous and more willing to stay. Though few In numbers at first, these European strangers brought supplies and then enforcements from across the sea. Now, imagine that you are one of those newcomers, approaching my small portion of North America for the first time. As Native American, I have diverse friends and enemies living all around me, and because I engage in trade I am used to encounters with strangers who do not speak my language.But you are different in various ways, and I have probably already heard rumors about you?some true and some false? from neighbors who have seen your ships. And believe me, your ships are a big surprise. My people live near the ocean, and we understand boats. But when we addle out to observe you, we are Impressed by the size of your ship, with Its tall masts. On the East Coast, I greet you from a birch-bark canoe or a dugout canoe. Indians are small. If you enter Upset Sound, the cypress canoes of the Northwest Coast Indians are much larger.Maybe you are Russian fur-hunters reaching Alaska. If so, you are amazed at my light, quick kayak. If you are the English explorer James Cook approaching Hawaii for the first time, you are struck to see our outrigger canoes and surf boards. One way or another, we can push off from the beach or the river mouth and visit your ocean-going vessel. But it is strange for us; you needed iron tools to create this ship, huge sheets of cloth to make it sail, and navigational charts to find your way. We have none of these.On the other hand, you are totally ignorant of our home waters. It is no secret that along Florist's coast and North Carolina's Outer Banks, Native Americans often found European shipwrecks. We Indians know ?and we may be willing to tell you?which anchoring spots give protection from storms. We k now the local streams and which house sites might flood in springtime. We know where there is fresh water?which you probably need after weeks at sea? ND we know sources of food for every time of year.The Indians in New England, watching the Pilgrims starve at Plymouth, showed them how to locate clams in the mudflats at low tide, how to trap fish, how to plant corn, and how to hunt strange, tasty birds called turkeys. But not all first encounters occurred near the coast. Before the middle of the sixteenth century, Spanish explorers were marching inland so far and so fast that rumors of their arrival scarcely had time to precede them. In the 1 sass, Native peoples living in the Carolinas, Alabama, Mississippi and Arkansas ere surprised by the fierce invasion of Despot and his army.At the same time, Indians further west on the Great Plains experienced the sudden arrival of Coronal's force, traveling from New Mexico on horseback in search of sudden wealth. In these two instances, and in many later confrontations, Europeans reacted at first with disappointment, frustration, and violence. The new environment seemed strange and dangerous; local people did not fit European hopes and expectations. For Native Americans, the most serious outcome of initial encounters, whether near he ocean or far inland, was the arrival of contagious diseases?unfamiliar sicknesses that they had never experienced.Again and again, foreign newcomers brought deadly illnesses with them. Three hundred years would elapse between the early Spanish explorations and the forced removal of Native Americans from much of the expanding United States in the asses. That is a huge stretch of time, and the encounters between Indians and non-landing varied widely across those three centuries. Gradually, especially in the East, Non-landing gained the upper hand in terms of sheer numbers. Some general estimates regarding the southeast, from Virginia to East Texas, illustrate this point.In 1700, four out of fi ve persons in the entire region were Indians. But by 1800, Indian numbers had declined and the European and African population had risen so fast that scarcely one person in thirty was a Native American. If sickness and death moved unevenly in one direction, from non-landing to Indian, Christianity moved in the same direction. Many of the earliest encounters involved missionaries, both Catholic and Protestant, who worked energetically to convert Native Americans to their Christian faith.In New England, the Reverend John Eliot spent years translating the Bible into the Massachusetts language, and in 1663 he printed 1000 copies to be used by converts known as efforts often met with fierce resistance. In the Southwest, Catholic priests and missionaries accompanied the earliest Spanish settlers in New Mexico, and efforts began around 1600 to suppress the Pueblo religion with harsh punishments. But Pueblo leaders fought back. In the successful â€Å"Pueblo Revolt† of 1680, Indian r ebels expelled the Spanish colonizers.The Pueblos attacked missionaries, burned churches, and punished Christian converts. While the Christian religion and the strange new diseases moved in one direction, education and trade moved in two directions. Let's take education first. Europeans were a literate society; many could write letters and read books. In America they began to share this powerful tool through schools. In the seventeenth century, Harvard build a separate Indian college on its campus. In the eighteenth century, Dartmouth College in New Hampshire emphasized Native American education, at least for a few.But at the same time, Indians who understood the American land and the natural world offered education to the newcomers. They were constantly explaining matters of geography, climate, and food. They knew when to plant and harvest crops, when fish were plentiful in certain streams, when the abundant oak trees dropped their acorns. Then knew which plants were edible, and ho w to track game. Gradually they shared their knowledge with newcomers. In Louisiana, white settlers often sent a young son to live among the local Indians to learn their language and pave the way for future trade.Trading, like education, was a two-way street. From the start, Europeans were scouring the land for items they could ship home and sell at a profit. Precious metals or spices would be best, but they saw few signs of these items. What they found instead was fur. In the Southeast, the soft hides of whitetail deer could be scraped and packed and shipped to Europe to make aprons and gloves. In New England and Canada, the pelts of beaver could be sent across the Atlantic to hat makers for the creation of fashionable beaver hats.Along the Northwest Coast, Russian traders obtained the valuable pelts of sea otters, which they could trade to the Chinese for spices and tea. More often than not, it was the Native Americans who hunted the animals and processed the pelts for shipment ab road. But if people in Europe and Asia were eager for North American furs of all sorts, Native Americans were equally eager for unfamiliar trade items from Europe. Indians exchanged hides and pelts for woolen blankets and coats, yards of cloth and ribbons, supplies of buttons, beads, and thread.Metal items of all kinds represented new and dramatic improvements in a world where utensils were shaped slowly from wood and rocks and clay. Metal knives and needles had obvious appeal. Metal pots, though heavy, were more durable and more versatile than clay pots. Besides, if they were poorly made and sprung leaks, they could be broken into pieces to be shaped into sharp arrowheads. When Dutch traders moved up the Hudson River to barter with the Indians for furs, the Mohawk called them â€Å"Kristin,† meaning â€Å"metal makers. Iron axes and hatchets were especially desirable. Native Americans knew how to kill trees by peeling off layers of bark. They could fell them by slowly burni ng away the base. But a durable metal axe made it possible to shape wood rapidly, whether building a house, carving a totem pole, or hollowing a dugout canoe. Various kinds of rum and spirits also figured early and often in the trade. Hard liquor gave European traders an person consuming alcohol also became less alert?more subject to an unfair trade or a robbery.Two other unfamiliar items?the gun and the horse?swept across North America during the seventeenth and eighteenth century as a result of trade between Indians and non-landing. Laws passed in Spain prohibited Spanish colonists in the Southwest from trading guns to Indians. So guns moved steadily westward instead, purchased from the French and Dutch and English in the East. Once a tribe acquired guns through the fur trade, neighboring tribes worked desperately to acquire similar weapons, or else they risked being defeated in war or outdone as hunters and fur traders.The horse, reintroduced into North America by the Spanish in the Southwest, moved in the opposite direction, After the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, horses spread north and east across the Great Plains?traded from one nation to another, or stolen in order to gain new mobility and power. A map shows clearly how the horse frontier and the gun frontier pushed in opposite directions. During the 18th century, tribes such as the Sioux on the Northern Plains and the Comanche on the Southern Plains gained access to both guns and horses, giving their cultures great power.For a long time, these complex exchanges proved mutually beneficial. Both Indians and non- Indians felt they were gaining valuable benefits from trade. But eventually, major changes undercut and ended this beneficial and agreeable trade. For one thing, the non-landing population continued to grow, while the Indian numbers declined sharply as a result of warfare and disease. But even more importantly, European newcomers sired Indian land even more than they wanted peaceful trade.Soon, land it self became an item of trade, and land that could not be bought was taken by force. Gradually, we are learning more about early contacts between Indians and non- Indians, and the way these relationships changed over time. The contacts were numerous and varied. They took a different shape in every part of the continent, depending upon which Indian cultures lived there and which foreigners first invaded their land. At first, these contacts were often mutually beneficial, as strangers learned from, and traded with, one another.But later, sickness, warfare, and crushing demands for land changed these connections. Contacts became more lopsided and destructive, through long chapters of our history. So, from now on, I hope that any time you see a horse or a rifle or a metal pot or a colorful ribbon you will think about these early contacts between Native Americans who had lived here for untold generations and newcomers who have been here scarcely five centuries. After all, these varied con nections are a rich and forgotten part of our shared heritage here in North America. Thanks for Joining me.

A Guide to Writing Essays on Abortion

A Guide to Writing Essays on Abortion A Guide to Writing Essays on Abortion The topic of abortion is sensitive, newsworthy, and controversial. It touches the subjects of politics, law, public health, religion, sociology, and more. It is a topic that incites intense conversation and debate. It is also a topic that is discussed in many college classrooms for many different reasons. Essays on abortion are assigned in many different courses to give students the opportunity to argue their positions on the topic or to demonstrate their understanding of this issue. Some students look forward to these assignments because they have strong opinions on the issue that they are eager to share. Unfortunately these students often fall prey to many of the pitfalls of writing an essay about abortion. These include: Using overly biased sources Ignoring evidence that doesn’t support their beliefs Confusing rhetoric for fact Constructing strawmen Using belittling language when referring to those with opposing beliefs To avoid these pitfalls, double check your sources, include sources that support opposing views, concentrate on facts, debate only what the people with the opposing view have stated and not what you think they have stated, and use respectful language. Abortion Essay Topic Suggestions Here are a few suggestions for students who are looking for essay suggestions on abortion. What are the pros and cons of abortion as it relates to public health? Will people ever come to an agreement on the abortion debate? Should taxpayer money fund abortions? Would free contraceptives cut down on the number of abortions each year? Should young women under the age of 18 be able to obtain abortion services without parental consent? If a man impregnates a woman, should he have to give his consent for her to have an abortion? Write an argumentative essay, discussing whether or not you are for or against abortion past 24 weeks. Will mandatory ultra-sounds and waiting periods reduce the number of abortions? What are the risks of having an abortion? Will comprehensive sexual education programs in schools reduce the rate of teen pregnancies and abortions? What can be done to reduce the number of abortions without making it legal? Should the government fund crisis pregnancy centers? If you are against abortion, what exceptions would you allow? Write a pro choice abortion research paper on a famous individual who helped the pro choice movement. Discuss the history of Planned Parenthood Abortion Essay Assistance Between spending time choosing a topic, researching, vetting your sources, taking notes, writing, editing, and revising, you can spend several days working on your abortion essay. This is a lot of time and effort to dedicate to a single writing assignment. If you have a job, a family, or a social life, finding time to finish complex writing assignments like these can be nearly impossible. It’s no wonder that so many college students feel constantly stressed out and overwhelmed. They are just too busy! Here’s some good news! You don’t have to be that overworked student. You can simply place an order at and we will help you with your paper on abortion or any other subject.

10 Best Alternatives to Student Loans

10 Best Alternatives to Student Loans Getting into the college of your dreams is only the first hurdle many students need to overcome. By far the most difficult part of going to college is coming up with the money to pay for it. With student loan problems splashed across every newspaper, blog and financial website in the universe, many students are beginning to explore alternatives to traditional student financing. Weve rounded up the 10 most promising alternatives. 1. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Lending Peer-to-peer lending, often abbreviated to P2P, is a type of private loans which takes place between two individuals, or peers. Some characterize P2P lending as the corporate worlds spin on one friend loaning another some money†. While perhaps an oversimplification, thats essentially what it is. In peer-to-peer lending there are no credit checks, bank or government involvement in the loan itself. Private lenders offer loans for a set interest rate and its conducted as a private business. The largest lending platforms in the United States are Prosper and Lending Club. 2. Work Study Programs If youre already working part-time, you may qualify for the Federal Work Study (FWS) Program. This is a fund maintained by the government to help students who work part-time and go to school full time. Applications can be submitted through your schools Student Office as well as directly through the programs website. 3. Tuition Reimbursement Many companies offer a tuition reimbursement program. These program pay students back a portion of their school tuition, but does not include fees or textbook costs. This kind of program is typically offered in companies that traditionally promote from within and have various options for career growth. 4. Scholarships You dont always need to have the best grades or crazy athletic skills to land a scholarship. Scholarships are awarded by schools, companies, organizations, clubs and churches. There are thousands of scholarships that range from a few hundred dollars and go up to $10,000 and more. Local scholarships can be found through community organizations, churches and private businesses. Check your local library, community swim team and the local businesses that support softball, baseball, football or other local teams. Have your parents ask at work – many companies offer special scholarships to the children on employees. National and international scholarships can be found easily online or with the help of a high school or college adviser. 5. Grants In contrast to scholarships, grants are typically need based and are offered through the Federal Government. These grants can be applied for directly through the student aid website of the US Government. Several grants are also available at the state level. Grants do not have to be repaid and can be applied for either once a year or, in some cases, during each quarter or semester. 7. The Military Every branch of the US Military offers a number of grants, scholarships and financial aid opportunities for active and former servicemen and women as well as the families of those soldiers. If youre willing to postpone college a few years and enlist yourself, you could easily get a free ride, no matter what your degree. As a bonus youll get plenty of hands on experience in your chosen field and a history of military service makes a great impression on resumes and in an interview. 8. AmeriCorps AmeriCorps is a program maintained by the US federal government. It aims to get people more involved with various non-profit charities, schools and other community centered organizations on both a state and national level. It could involve working with the homeless, teaching children how to read, working with at risk teens or any other kind of public service. A 12 month stint with AmeriCorps snags you a living allowance, help with housing and, once youre done, some nice Education Credits you can apply to your tuition and other education costs. 9. Cap in Hand Where do people turn to in times of trouble and need? The internet, of course! Hitting up people for small (or large) donations online is nothing new, but plenty of people never consider it when looking into ways to pay for college. From asking for financing on a specific university project through a website like Kickstarter to just taking up a page and using it to ask for donations, the internet can be a great way to raise funds. Alex Tew made history in 2005 when he set up the Million Dollar Homepage and sold ad space online for $1 per pixel in order to pay for his university education in Wiltshire, England. The ploy paid off and, in 2006, Tew grossed $1,037,000. 10. Rich Relatives or Winning the Lottery Perhaps a bit less pragmatic than our other options but, hey, if you havent seen Great Uncle Norbert for awhile, this might be a great time to catch up! Failing that, hit the Bingo haul with Grandma and dont forget to borrow one of her lucky troll dolls!

History - Waiting for Macedonia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History - Waiting for Macedonia - Essay Example Macedonian men and women don’t necessarily feel a kinship tie to their land, unlike Bosnians. Changes experienced by the young female engineers in Skopje include the fact that they feel more liberated to do as they please, and less inhibited. Young modern socialist women in Macedonia are classified on the upper level of the social strata in comparison to Albanian women of the village, who are sometimes pillaged by war, adversity, and infirmity. Unlike women in the European Union, those from Macedonia and Albania are generally regarded as lower-class – but that might be because the countries that they are from in Southeastern Europe are less highly-regarded due to their lower socioeconomic status. Another personal identity that is portrayed in the book is religion. Religion is more relegated to a status that is separated from the state in Macedonia, and people learn to get along with each other even though they are from different religious backgrounds. Religion, in the m ovie, is portrayed as a necessary part of life. In Bosnia, everyone is split up into factions. It might have had a lot to do with the fact that in the early ‘90s everyone in the region had to at least hear about, if not deal with, the Bosnian War. The Bosnian War divided people into three distinct groups: the Bosnian Muslims; the Orthodox Christian Serbians (also known as Serbs); and the Catholic Croatians (also known as Croats). The Croatians were pitted against the Bosnians by the Serbs. But basically, the Serbians were persecuting the Bosnians based on the fact that they were Muslims. President Bill Clinton finally decided to intervene in the Bosnian conflict in order to prevent an even larger genocide from taking place. To be Muslim in Bosnia meant to be the oppressed. To be a Croatian Catholic meant to be caught in the middle between a centuries-old fight between the Orthodox Christian Serbs and the Bosnian Muslims. National Identities Both the book and the film analyze d ifferent elements of national identity as well. Classifications of national identity in Yugoslavia during the existence of the country were never completely solidified because everyone came from different ethnic backgrounds. This only made allegiance to a nationality more difficult to believe in. The uncertainties of life after Yugoslavia, however, were somehow easier to deal with than the fact that much national pride was never lost on many Yugoslavians who were able to assimilate by ethnic groups. Religion can sometimes pose as nationality in the sense that, if someone is a Muslim, they might automatically assume that they are Bosnian. Thus, in a sense, in that region of the world one’s religious identity gets fused with a nationality even though that may not reflect the reality of an individual. In a similar manner – to put it in another way – many people also assume that someone whose religion is Judaism is necessarily an Israeli, but that’s not absol utely true. Nor is it true that someone who is an Israeli is necessarily Jewish –actually, it is the converse. Nothing can be assumed or presumed. While someone may be ethnically Jewish, they may not be a Jewish national (from Israel), and nothing guarantees that someone’s religion is Judaism unless proven otherwise. Therefore, nationality, ethnicity, race, and religion, for some Jewish people, are all one and the same. But certain people do differentiate between

Case Briefs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case Briefs - Assignment Example In 1976, the plaintiff took the case to a district court in Michigan State. In 1979, the Michigan’s district court dismissed the case in favor of the defendant Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets Inc. As an appellant, Carson appealed at the US Court of Appeals in Michigan State. The case was finally decided under the Michigan Court of Appeals 6th Circuit in 1983 (Smith, 21). In the district court, the plaintiff claimed that use of the phrase â€Å"Here’s Johnny† by the defendant amounted to violation of fair competition laws and invasion of privacy rights by the defendant. At the Courts of Appeals, the appellant maintained that use of the phrase in the defendant’s business amounted to unfair competition, invasion of privacy rights and invasion of right of publicity. The district court dismissed the case because the plaintiff failed to prove that use of the phrase by the defendant meets likelihood of confusion standards. The Courts of Appeals restrained the defendant, Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets Inc., from further use of the phrase â€Å"Here’s Johnny.† The district court reasoned that under Michigan common law, there was no likelihood of confusion among consumers of Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets Inc. and those of Carson’s apparel businesses. However, the Courts of Appeals reasoned that publicity rights belongs entirely to John Carson, and cannot be duplicated by third parties (Smith, 23). The Defendant, Time Warner, Inc. released digital formats of artists’ sound recordings through the internet. The online digital content generated substantial revenues, which were allegedly distributed to artists and assignees in a subjective manner. The Plaintiff, Tony Silvester et al, sued to recover compensation and damages resulting from breach of contract between the artists and the recording companies. The case was first brought to the US District Court of Southern New York in June 2000. After dismissal by the court in June 2002,

Dehydration - Research paper and PowerPoint Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dehydration - and PowerPoint - Research Paper Example Dehydration requires immediate therapy via rehydrating the body with fluids and also treating the underlying cause. It can be tested for by a physical examination which reveals features like sunken eyes and an increased heart rate and also via laboratory tests which include complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. This condition must be dealt with immediately as it can prove to be fatal in severe cases. â€Å"Dehydration describes a state of negative fluid balance that may be caused by numerous disease entities. Diarrheal illnesses are the most common etiologies. Worldwide, dehydration secondary to diarrheal illness is the leading cause of infant and child mortality.† (Huang H., Anchala K.R., Ellsbury D.L. & George C.S. 2009). Water is an essential component of life and it is a vital part of existence of living matter. Proper hydration of the human body is extremely essential for carrying out the normal bodily activities. Water in the human body is divided into proper compartments which chiefly include the intracellular fluid and the extracellular fluid. This extracellular volume comprises principally of fluid between the cells and the fluid that lies with the vascular compartment. Equilibrium between the water that is taken in and the water that is lost from the human body is very important. Water is lost from the body in the form of urine, feces, breathing and by the proce ss of evaporation. This loss needs to be compensated for. The body performs its mechanisms which include hormonal stimulation and nervous signals which stimulate the thirst center and also the renal function of re-absorption of water is brought into action. This leads to the maintenance of balance between water taken in and lost. Any imbalance in this normal equilibrium can result in the condition which is known as dehydration. Dehydration is the state of the body in which there is decreased amount of

Female Management Roles in Construction

Female Management Roles in Construction The subject presented in this article is about the neglect of women in carrying out corporate roles despite their education in the areas of expertise. Even though there has been affirmative action and equal opportunity embedded in the strategy of corporate recruitment, the needs of the woman civil engineer has not been fully met. It has been very difficult for the women to get to the top most management positions. The lack of enough education, training as well as experience before, to some point, explained the problems women experienced in getting management jobs. Nowadays, a large and indeed an increasing percentage of women in UK are as well competent as any man. This has led to a better gender allocation of jobs, but occupational isolation has remained a chief problem. Even though more women now are in management positions, they tend to be bunched at lower management levels and in less important areas. In all cases, though, their way in to top managerial jobs has ever been severel y restricted. Moreover, educational systems, the mass media as well as the recruitment and procedures of promotion have habitually institutionalized particular gender biases and unconsciously continue to effect discriminatory practices with in relation to women. Governments, enterprises together with organizations, have from the time in the past explored ways of eradicating discrimination as portrayed in this article making sure that there is gender equality. Perhaps the greatest obstacle is still how to make the structures within organizations more sensitive to gender equality concepts and practice. All workers and employers associations have a predominantly important role to play in motivating workplace change in attitudes as well as practices to promote gender equality by and large and to identify and encourage definite strategies to enable women to get to higher levels of management and break through this glass ceiling. This article explains the plight of the woman and desires that the women ought to be accorded rights which are equal to those of male counterparts. The point here is that there should be no unfairness, but also that women ought to be able to take pleasure in all their rights, which demands the identification together with the elimination of obstacles other than the ones of a legal nature. It is here discussed that women are entitled to the gratification of all human rights, including those pertinent to economic development together with resources. The absence of equal right of entry to resources and the opportunities represents a refutation of universal human rights, thus creating obstacles to fairness between women and men that carry on womens economic inequality and also poverty. Equal treatment women as indicated in this article in economic and social life is therefore a precondition for the full achievement of these rights. In addition, organization culture suggests that the nature of the work environment especially in the construction sector faced by women who aspire to management positions determines their fate more than their own traits, skills and behaviors. Behavioral double-binds, communication and leadership styles, old boy networks, tokenism, and differing male and female attitudes towar d power are other behavioral and cultural explanations. Its undoubtedly that remarkable progress has been achieved in boosting women presentation into professions and managerial jobs over recent years. In the UK, the number of women in the executive management positions is relatively low compared to their qualifications. They comprised a very small number of executives in the surveyed organizations in this article. All through, the article is in pursuit of equality in the management to be shown in the female civil engineers of UK. It seeks to nullify the notion that professionalism is a concept dominated by men. The work in the construction industry is very robust at times and will at call upon those in management to actively participate in it. Entering a male dominated workplace is somewhat uncomfortable to the full action that can be taken by the woman in doing her chores as a manager. There could be sexual jokes and a language that the woman could not tolerate. The setting of a civil engineering job portrays a lot of physicality and the context therein could affect women as they may feel uncomfortable. The representation of women in the field of civil engineering is very poor especially at the senior levels of management. The structure and organization of the civil engineering firms seem to have a lot of problems for the female gender. Methodology and Participant profile The article made use of qualitative research by adopting an ethnographic approach to data collection, with interviews which were semi-structured as the main method. The main idea to be researched here was to establish the experience of women construction engineers in their profession. This qualitative research goes against the grain of using numerical data to obtain results. The approach used in this article has organized narrative or words to discover themes and relationships in a non-numerical way. Qualitative data is that which is not easily measurable and it is not completely objective but may require judgment and interpretation. The researcher has also played an important role in the experiment unintentionally by interpreting the results; although as the research data analysis of the results this paper was completed by getting reference to many other sources and thus, it is felt that this increased the rigor and validity of this qualitative work. The ethnographic approach to this work is most appropriate as both sets of participants (women in design and building sites) are all human beings. This means that general patterns of experiences in the work are compatible except in different or exceptional contexts. Throughout the study justification is given for actions. Answers for questions which the researcher may have asked are answered giving this research rigor and validity. However if being very critical, one could mention that this is not a valid time scale and therefore could be a weakness also. The articles aim is to identify to what extent the women in civil engineering and constructions have been incorporated in the management level in the industry. Information for this research was gathered using an ethnographic approach. To do this observation plus detailed field notes were taken. In this stage of the research article, (the abstract) the information is very superficial but does give an interest to continue reading. This qualitative researcher blends and montages to form a new comprehensive creation or a new meaningful whole out of distinct parts of what the researcher is studying or in other words out of reality. The researcher thus can be described as a quilt-maker; a quilt-maker who uses a muti-method approach to compose a complex, and richer study of the issues affecting women civil engineers in UK. Consequently it has no essential definition, for it is never just one thing. It apparently attempts to define cultural studies. After that, some academic and disciplinary resistances to qualitative research are studied and followed by a discussion of the major differences in research styles between qualitative and quantitative approaches. In brief, qualitative approach emphasizes value, ethnographic prose, rich descriptions, answering the how question On the other hand, the quantitative approach emphasizes measurements, value-free, analysis of relationships, objective, empirical methods, impersonal third person prose The history of qualitative research is summarized in several eras. In each of these eras, the researchers have been influenced by their political hopes and ideologies, discovering findings in their research that confirmed prior theories or beliefs. Qualitative research in the first place focused on the objective, the norms, and the classical ethnography. Later on the modernist phase known by the golden age followed. The second era stressed the analysis of the qualitative materials in standardized statistical forms. The blurred genres gave way to a more pluralistic, open ended perspective. The scientific form of the golden age ended on the door steps of a wide range of paradigms, and ways of collecting and analyzing empirical materials. The fourth moment or the crisis of representation in the mid-1980s was the result of the blurred genres. The researcher in the article here questioned models of truth, methods, and representations in establishing the plight of women civil engineers. Identification and Discussion of Strength and Weaknesses The challenge that has been there for many women in the civil engineering field has been that of balancing the work and no-work roles. This has been a great burden at home and also at the workplace which may not really be the case with men. Though the discrimination from the social and organization is hard to shatter, sometimes it is women themselves who are reluctant to take the first step to break the ceiling which originate from their mind. Moreover, hard working is the fundamental weapon that leads every person to the way of success. There are no any tricks or techniques to break this wall that has been placed before them. Every successful woman just proves their capability with tremendous effort. To counter such factors, a jointed effort is essential on all levels by all kinds of organizations and institutions. As seen in this article, the current anti-discrimination legislation and equal opportunity initiatives assume that equality will be achieved if organizations treat women the same as men. The approach draws primarily on liberal, sameness notion of equality where sameness is judged against a unitary standard of male characteristics and behavior. This is problematic because it ignores womens relationship to the private sphere. Unless difference is recognized and taken into account women will not be able to compete equally and on their own (rather than on male) terms. Such issues like the benefits of maternity leave, sabbaticals, the phasing in of working hours, working one day a week from home, employees can return to work after the first, second and even third child are a major threat to the management in construction works. Whereas, a good company lets a person to bring their whole self to work, women could find it challenging to embark on such issues. Feeling stretched is not a dereliction of duty and there we will keep working on implementing more policies which benefit women in the work environment. Positive action, equal opportunity policies, prevention of sexual harassment policies, diversity management, mentoring, and the tracking and monitoring of the progress of both men and women were identified as useful ways to level the playing field and improve gender equality in training, recruitment and promotion at organizational level. Conclusion In conclusion, it is the commitment of top management of a firm on which the success of these policies depends. Such commitment can only spring from an awareness that competitive companies cannot afford to lose out on womens talent. An important trend to note and which is providing other avenues for entrepreneurial women is that more women than ever before are becoming employers and running their own businesses worldwide. In a nutshell, this article examined the components of women challenges in management positions in civil engineering in particular and unveiled the way to break out from such notions to the benefit of successful women. Equal opportunities and positive action cannot be confined to individual organizations or business initiatives. Only the active promotion of gender equality in all areas of education and employment by governments and civil society organizations and in particular, by employers organizations and trade unions can finally break the this norm in the constr uction field.